It’d be nice if you could separate each of your points/questions into a list, instead of having just one big paragraph. But let’s see here…
Disorienting: it’s an effect where most of your shots won’t land (sometimes they may land but don’t deal damage). A few can land and actually deal damage, though. Here’s the source (the “new” hero was Sapphyr, so don’t go typing anything lol).
Elemental damage: I’m not sure about the exact damage boosts, but clearly a Mech would do the most damage to an Energy, regular damage to another Mech, and the least damage to a Bio-chem. I believe you get a 50% increase or decrease in damage, depending on which element you’re facing.
Armor: there’s base armor and elemental armor. If someone shoots a bullet (20,000 base damage) at someone with 5,000 base armor, it should deal 15,000 damage.
Elemental armor: this ties in with the elemental damage issue. When someone shoots someone, I think it always goes: base damage vs base armor, and elemental damage vs elemental armor. The former should be simple (base damage minus base armor), but with the latter, I believe that if the shooter has the elemental advantage, the bullet’s elemental damage number is increased by 50%, and the elemental armor of the receiver is reduced by 50% (For example, 10,000 Bio-chem damage vs 5,000 Mechanical armor would really be 15,000 damage minus 2,500 armor). Add that answer with the answer from base damage vs base armor, and that should be how much damage the bullet will actually do.